Why is a Submarine Called a Boat and Not a Ship?
It’s a question that leaves many intrigued and perplexed—why do we call a massive, technologically advanced submarine a “boat” while towering ocean liners are referred to as “ships”? After all, submarines are no dinghies; they’re engineering marvels capable of traveling thousands of miles underwater. If this has piqued your curiosity, you’re in for a deep dive (pun intended!) into history, naval terminology, and cultural quirks.
By the end of this blog, you’ll understand why “boat” is the go-to term for submarines, and maybe even impress friends with your new-found knowledge. Let’s set sail—oops, we mean, submerge—into this fascinating topic!
A Brief History of Submarines and the Word “Boat”
The peculiar terminology surrounding submarines has its roots buried centuries ago. Early submarines were small, rudimentary vessels. Think back to the 17th century when inventors like Cornelius Drebbel designed the first practical submarine—a rowboat covered in greased leather. Yes, you read that right, greased leather. These early models were far from the enormous, sleek nuclear-powered submarines we have today.
Because of their compact size and relatively simple design, these underwater vessels were initially classified as “boats.” At the time, ships were defined as large, ocean-going vessels with elaborate masts and sails, while boats were smaller and used for more localized tasks.
Fast-forward to World War I and II, where the use of submarines in navies became widespread. Even though submarines grew significantly in size and complexity, the historical reference to these vessels as “boats” stuck. Naval traditions can be notoriously hard to break, and this one proved to have the staying power of maritime glue!
How Boats Differ from Ships—and Where Submarines Fit
To fully grasp why submarines are called boats, it’s important to first untangle the differences between “boats” and “ships.” Often, the distinction comes down to size, structure, and functionality.
- Size: Generally, boats are smaller vessels while ships are larger. Ships are designed to carry substantial cargo or many passengers. Submarines, despite their size, don’t easily fit these traditional roles.
- Structure: Ships are typically equipped with multiple decks and complex navigation systems, while boats are simpler in structure. Early submarines—true to their “boat” terminology—were simple, single-decked vessels.
- Purpose: Boats are often designed for specific and localized tasks, such as fishing, leisure, or patrolling. Submarines, even highly specialized nuclear versions, still serve focused, mission-oriented purposes like reconnaissance, warfare, and scientific exploration.
By these traditional definitions, submarines seem to straddle the line. They’re smaller than large naval ships like aircraft carriers, they don’t have expansive decks, and their tasks often mirror the localized, defined missions associated with boats.
The Cultural and Linguistic Quirks Behind “Boat”
Language and culture also play a significant role in shaping naming traditions. The term “boat” in naval slang often denotes something operationally unique or specialized. For submariners, calling their submarine a “boat” may feel like a badge of honor, separating submarines from surface vessels.
This distinction is also reflected in the camaraderie and culture of submarine crews. Many sailors and officers still refer to submarines as “boats” with great affection, despite their enormous size and advanced capabilities. It serves as a nod to tradition and reinforces the unique identity of submariners within the naval community.
Even non-English languages maintain similar distinctions. For example, in German, the word “U-boot” (short for “Unterseeboot”) translates to “undersea boat.” Clearly, this linguistic heritage is widespread and not confined to just English-speaking cultures.
Practical Reasons for “Boat” in Submarine Operations
Beyond history and tradition, there are also practical reasons for the “boat” label in the world of submarines. Naval operations often involve distinct classifications to simplify communication. Submarines, being underwater vessels operating independently from surface fleets, were categorized separately.
Naval protocols frequently define submarines as subordinate units to capital “ships” like destroyers and cruisers. Submarines also rely on tenders, or “mother ships,” for logistical and maintenance support in many cases. This further reinforces their role as “boats” rather than standalone “ships.”
Additionally, the term “boat” inherently implies a degree of maneuverability and independence, qualities submarines possess in abundance. Despite their modern complexity, submarines are not massive vessels carrying an array of smaller vehicles and thus don’t meet the functional definition of a “ship.”
Could This Terminology Change in the Future?
Language isn’t static, and with technology advancing rapidly, we have to wonder—could the terminology surrounding submarines change? Modern submarines like the U.S. Navy’s Ohio-class ballistic missile submarines are technically larger than many frigates and destroyers, blurring the line between “boat” and “ship.”
It’s possible that, as naval technology evolves, the public perception and terminology might shift. However, given the strong cultural and historical ties, it’s equally likely that submarines will continue to be affectionately called “boats” for generations to come.
What’s in a Name? A Submarine by Any Other Name…
The next time you find yourself talking about submarines, remember—you’re not just using an outdated term. You’re paying homage to centuries of history, cultural tradition, and the unique identity of underwater vessels. Whether called a boat or a ship, submarines continue to inspire awe and curiosity with their technological prowess and mysterious journeys beneath the waves.
Enjoyed this exploration into naval history? Keep the discovery alive and share it with fellow curious minds! Or, consider exploring other fascinating traditions and technologies—because nothing beats learning something new.