Action in Case of a Collision at Sea

Maritime collisions can have serious consequences, including damage to vessels, environmental harm, and potential loss of life. Whether caused by navigational errors, mechanical failures, or challenging weather conditions, a collision necessitates swift and informed action to minimize risks. This blog provides a detailed step-by-step guide on the necessary actions to take during and immediately after a ship collision, while highlighting the legal and operational obligations of the crew.

Why Prompt Action is Critical

Collisions at sea are high-stakes emergencies requiring immediate response. Being prepared ensures:

  • The safety of passengers and crew.
  • Minimization of environmental pollution.
  • Preservation of vessel integrity.
  • Compliance with legal obligations and importance of reporting procedures.

Maritime professionals must be equipped with knowledge and proactive measures to handle such critical scenarios effectively. Here’s how to act step-by-step in case of a collision.

Step-by-Step Actions to Take After a Collision

1. Immediate Engine Control

The first priority in the event of a collision is to stop the engines immediately and assess the situation. However, in some cases, maintaining a few engine revolutions may be necessary to avoid flooding or separation damage when the vessels move apart. This decision must be made quickly based on the situation.

2. Activate Emergency Alarm & Notify the Crew

  • Trigger the emergency alarm immediately to alert onboard personnel.
  • Switch on all deck and NUC (Not Under Command) lights to make the ship’s non-operational status visible to other vessels nearby.
  • Inform the master and engine room about the incident.

3. Issue External Communications

Broadcast a message to all vessels in the vicinity to alert them to the collision. This will not only warn other ships of danger but also help in coordinating assistance if necessary.

4. Conduct Damage Assessment and Crew Safety Check

  • Organize a headcount to ensure all crew members are accounted for and identify any casualties.
  • Assign damage control parties and assess the impact of the collision, particularly the extent of flooding or structural compromise.

5. Seal and Secure Affected Areas

  • Shut all watertight doors and fire doors to contain damage and prevent further flooding.
  • Start bilge and ballast pumps to remove water and stabilize the vessel. If necessary, consider ballasting to bring the damaged area above the waterline.

6. Operational Coordination

  • Ensure the navigational officer updates the vessel’s position and keeps a log.
  • The communication officer should obtain weather reports to assess conditions that might affect the situation.
  • Prepare survival craft for launching, should the situation escalate to abandoning the vessel.

Chief Officer’s Duties During a Collision

The chief officer plays a critical role in managing the onboard response. Their responsibilities include:

  • Conducting internal soundings of all tanks to check the watertight integrity of the vessel.
  • Assessing conditions in the machinery space, whether wet or dry, to determine functionality and risks.
  • Monitoring for any potential pollution risks, such as fuel leakage.

Master’s Legal Obligations After a Collision

Maritime law requires the master (captain) to take the following actions to comply with international regulations:

  • Render assistance to the other vessel involved, if safe to do so.
  • Exchange essential information such as the name, port of registry, port of departure, and destination with the other ship’s master.
  • Report the accident to the Marine Accident Investigation Bureau (MAIB).
  • Make detailed entries in the official logbook specifying the events and actions taken.

External Communications Following a Collision

Part of the master’s duties is to ensure proper coordination with relevant external parties. This includes notifying organizations and services like:

  • Broadcasting a distress or urgency signal, if necessary.
  • Informing the vessel’s company, owners, and charterers.
  • Contacting the coast guard or MRCC (Maritime Rescue Coordination Center).
  • Coordinating with port agents, tugs, dry docks, and other relevant service providers.

Effective communication ensures that assistance can be deployed promptly and regulatory requirements are met.

Long-Term Considerations

After the immediate dangers are addressed, longer-term actions will include:

  • Investigating the cause of the collision to prevent future occurrences.
  • Addressing any pollution caused by spilled fuel or cargo.
  • Arranging for repairs and dry docking as necessary.
  • Submitting a comprehensive report for legal and insurance purposes.

Prioritizing Safety and Compliance

Managing a maritime collision is no small task, but proper planning and response can significantly reduce the risks. The steps outlined above focus on ensuring the safety and wellbeing of crew, passengers, and the maritime environment, while also covering the operational and legal duties that follow an incident.

At sea, every second counts—but careful preparation and adherence to established protocols make all the difference. Equip your crew with the knowledge and practice they need to respond effectively when it matters most.