How to Issue a MAYDAY or Pan-Pan Call in Boating Emergencies

When you’re out on the water, emergencies can happen when you least expect them. While preparation and vigilance are essential for staying safe, sometimes situations arise that require immediate assistance. That’s where knowing how to issue a MAYDAY or Pan-Pan call can make all the difference.

This guide will walk you through everything you need to know about MAYDAY and Pan-Pan calls, including when to use them, how to issue them properly, and the rules and consequences associated with distress signals.

What Are MAYDAY and Pan-Pan Calls?

MAYDAY Calls

MAYDAY is an internationally recognized distress call used for life-threatening emergencies. If you or your passengers are in immediate danger, such as a fire onboard, a sinking vessel, or a medical emergency, a MAYDAY call is your beacon for urgent help.

Think of a MAYDAY call as the equivalent of dialing 911 when you’re on the water.

Pan-Pan Calls

Pan-Pan (pronounced “pahn-pahn”) is the go-to call for situations that are urgent but not life-threatening. Examples of such scenarios include mechanical breakdowns, running out of fuel, or getting lost in fog.

While they aren’t as critical as MAYDAY situations, Pan-Pan calls signal that you still need assistance, even if the issue doesn’t involve immediate danger to life or the vessel.

The Importance of Channel 16

When issuing a MAYDAY or Pan-Pan call, you’ll be using Channel 16 on a VHF marine radio. Channel 16 is the internationally designated radio channel for emergencies and calling. It’s crucial to follow the proper procedures for using this channel, as misuse can have serious consequences. Once initial contact has been made, all non-emergency conversations should be moved to a different channel to keep Channel 16 clear for others who might need it.

Why Channel 16 Matters

  • Rapid response: Rescue organizations and other captains monitor Channel 16 24/7.
  • Universal use: Regardless of where you are, Channel 16 is the standard for emergency communication.
  • Legal requirement: Improper use of Channel 16 is against Canadian law and can lead to fines and imprisonment.

How to Issue a MAYDAY Call

If you’re facing a life-threatening emergency, follow these steps to issue a proper MAYDAY call:

  1. Have everyone put on lifejackets or PFDs. Safety first! Ensure all passengers are securely wearing their lifejackets.
  2. Turn your radio to Channel 16. Make sure your VHF marine radio is set to the correct channel.
  3. Say “MAYDAY” three times. This alerts others that you have a grave emergency requiring immediate attention.
  4. Identify your vessel. State the name of your boat three times. For example, “This is Solar Voyager, Solar Voyager, Solar Voyager.”
  5. Provide your location. Give your position using your GPS coordinates or a clear description of your surroundings (e.g., “We are 10 kilometers south of Lighthouse Point”).
  6. Explain your emergency. Briefly and clearly describe the nature of the emergency. For example, “We are taking on water and sinking.”
  7. Request immediate assistance. Say, “We require immediate assistance.”
  8. Provide further information. Include any other relevant details, such as the number of people on board, injuries, or specific hazards.
  9. Repeat the message if needed. If you don’t hear a response, repeat the MAYDAY call until someone acknowledges.

Example of a Complete MAYDAY Call:

“MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY, this is Solar Voyager! Solar Voyager! Solar Voyager! We are 10 kilometers south of Lighthouse Point, taking on water and sinking. There are six people on board, two injured. We require immediate assistance. Over.”

How to Issue a Pan-Pan Call

For non-life-threatening situations that still require prompt attention, here’s how to issue a Pan-Pan call:

  1. Switch to Channel 16.
  2. Say “Pan-Pan” three times. This indicates an urgent situation that doesn’t pose life-threatening danger.
  3. Identify your vessel. State the name of your boat three times.
  4. Provide your location. Be as specific as possible, using GPS or landmarks.
  5. Describe the situation. Explain the nature of the problem (e.g., “Engine failure and adrift in heavy fog”).
  6. Request assistance. Say, “We require assistance.”
  7. Add any additional details if applicable.

Example of a Pan-Pan Call:

“Pan-Pan, Pan-Pan, Pan-Pan, this is Solar Voyager, Solar Voyager, Solar Voyager. We are adrift with engine failure in heavy fog, near Portside Bay. We require assistance. Over.”

Rules and Consequences for Misuse

Misusing a radio or sending false distress signals isn’t just unethical; it’s illegal. Canadian law imposes strict penalties for these actions to ensure Channel 16 remains available for genuine emergencies.

Legal Consequences:

  • Fines or imprisonment: Those who misuse a VHF marine radio or send false signals can face fines or up to two years in prison.
  • Safety risks: False signals or unnecessary use of Channel 16 can delay help for those experiencing real emergencies.

Always ensure your use of emergency channels is responsible and in compliance with regulations.

Why Preparation is Key

Emergencies can escalate quickly, and proper preparation can save lives. Here are some tips for being ready:

  • Practice issuing calls. Familiarize yourself with how to operate your VHF marine radio and simulate issuing a MAYDAY or Pan-Pan call during a safety drill.
  • Carry backup communication tools. While VHF radios are reliable, having additional equipment like EPIRBs (Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons) can enhance safety.
  • Keep current information onboard. Store up-to-date nautical charts and ensure your GPS is working properly.

Closing Thoughts

Understanding how to issue MAYDAY and Pan-Pan calls isn’t just about following protocol; it’s about ensuring your safety and the safety of everyone on board. When every second counts, knowing the proper steps can mean the difference between a minor inconvenience and a dire situation.