A Guide to the Types of Approved Distress Flares (and How to Use Them Safely)

When you’re out on the water, safety should always come first. Whether you’re kayaking, sailing, or cruising, being prepared for emergencies is crucial. One of the most important tools in your safety kit? Distress flares. These signaling devices are an essential part of any boater’s gear, designed to attract attention during a distress situation and help rescuers locate you.

But not all distress flares are created equal. Understanding the different types, their uses, and how to activate them can make all the difference when seconds count. This guide breaks down the four main types of approved distress flares, their unique characteristics, and when to use them.

What Are Approved Distress Flares?

Distress flares are pyrotechnic devices that emit bright light, color, or smoke to signal an emergency on the water. Approved flares meet specific international standards to ensure their effectiveness and reliability. The goal? To make sure you can be seen and rescued as quickly as possible.

There are four main types of approved distress flares:

  1. Type A (Rocket Parachute Flare – Red)
  2. Type B (Multi-Star Flare – Red)
  3. Type C (Hand-Held Flare – Red)
  4. Type D (Smoke Signal – Orange, Buoyant or Hand-Held)

Each type serves specific purposes depending on the time of day, visibility, and type of emergency.

A Closer Look at the Four Types of Distress Flares

1. Type A: Rocket Parachute Flare (Red)

This flare shoots high into the sky, reaching an altitude of approximately 300 meters, and deploys a bright red flare suspended by a small parachute. It is designed for maximum visibility over a wide range.

Best for:

  • Long-range signaling during nighttime or low-visibility conditions.
  • Open waters where rescuers may be far away.

How to use:

Point the rocket away from you and at an angle into the sky. Follow the flare’s instructions to ignite, ensuring you are in an open, clear area.

Pro tip: Use Type A flares when you’re in a vast body of water and need to alert distant vessels or aircraft.

2. Type B: Multi-Star Flare (Red)

This type emits multiple red stars into the air, creating a sequence of bright signals. Although they have a shorter range than rocket parachutes, they are effective for attracting attention.

Best for:

  • Nighttime emergencies when a repeated signal might be more noticeable.
  • Moderate distances where rescuers are within visual range.

How to use:

Hold the device upright and ignite it as per manufacturer’s instructions. Be cautious to avoid hand injuries and ensure the stars are shot away from you.

Pro tip: The multi-star flare is ideal for situations where you think rescuers might miss a single signal.

3. Type C: Hand-Held Flare (Red)

The hand-held flare produces a bright and steady red light. It’s compact, easy to operate, and perfect for immediate visibility.

Best for:

  • Short-range signaling.
  • Calling attention to yourself when rescuers are approaching but haven’t spotted you yet.

How to use:

Hold the flare at arm’s length away from your body. Ignite it by following the instructions, and keep the flare pointing away from flammable materials, especially on boats.

Pro tip: Always have protective gloves or a way to shield your hand; these flares can get very hot during use.

4. Type D: Smoke Signal (Orange – Buoyant or Hand-Held)

Type D flares release dense orange smoke, making them perfect for daytime use. They can either float on the water (buoyant) or be held in hand.

Best for:

  • Daytime signaling in calm or slightly choppy waters.
  • Providing a highly visible marker for aircraft or nearby boats during rescue efforts.

How to use:

If the signal is buoyant, toss it into the water; it will activate automatically. For hand-held signals, hold it upright and release the smoke as per the instructions.

Pro tip: Smoke signals are particularly effective against the blue backdrop of the ocean, making them easier for rescuers to spot from above.

When and How to Use Distress Flares

Understanding when and which type of flare to use can dramatically increase your chances of being found in an emergency. Here are some general tips:

  • Assess the Situation: Determine the time of day and visibility conditions. Use smoke signals during the day and bright red signals at night.
  • Follow Safety Protocols: Always read the instructions on your flares before you need to use them. An emergency is not the time to figure things out.
  • Signal Responsibly: Activate one type of flare to attract initial attention, then switch to another to confirm your location (e.g., start with a Type A then use a Type C when rescuers approach).

Important Reminder: Flares should only be used in an emergency. Misusing these devices can lead to fines and wasted resources for local authorities.

Regulations and Carrying Requirements

Different countries have regulations about the number and type of flares you should carry, depending on your vessel and where you plan to sail. Recreational vessels typically need a mix of flares to cover all scenarios. Check your regional boating safety rules to stay compliant and ensure safety.

Ensure that your distress flares are:

  • Up to Date: Flare expiration dates matter. Replace outdated flares to avoid failure during emergencies.
  • Stored Properly: Keep flares in a dry and waterproof container, easily accessible during emergencies.

Final Thoughts – Your Safety on the Water Matters

Distress flares are essential lifesaving tools that can make all the difference when you need help the most. By understanding the types, their uses, and proper handling, you’re taking a huge step toward ensuring the safety of yourself and your passengers.

Before your next boating adventure, double-check your emergency kit and confirm that it includes a well-rounded set of flares. Need help with safety preparation or flare selection? Visit ShipRope.com for additional resources and tips. Your life could depend on it.