How to Test Weekly GMDSS Equipment and Ensure Seamless Operation

Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) is an essential component of modern maritime safety, used to ensure seafarers can send distress alerts and ensure routine communication at sea. Testing GMDSS equipment regularly is crucial to maintain compliance with maritime regulations and ensure readiness when it matters most.

This guide outlines how to test GMDSS equipment effectively on a daily, weekly, and monthly basis. By following these best practices, maritime operators can ensure equipment remains in perfect working order, bolstering both safety and operational efficiency.

What is GMDSS?

The Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) is an internationally recognized system created by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). It combines digital, radio, and satellite communication technologies to send and receive distress signals, safety messages, and routine ship communications.

To ensure the system remains operational, maritime regulations require frequent testing. Here’s how you can adhere to testing cycles and stay compliant.

Daily GMDSS Tests

Daily checks are essential to verify the basic operational status of GMDSS equipment. These tests should include:

1. VHF DSC (Very High Frequency Digital Selective Calling):

  • Purpose: To ensure internal connections, transmitting power, and the display functions properly.
  • Procedure:
    • Perform an internal test without transmitting a signal.
    • Use the device’s built-in test facility to confirm functionality.

2. MF/HF DSC (Medium Frequency/High Frequency Digital Selective Calling):

  • Purpose: Test functionality and connectivity.
  • Procedure:
    • Perform a self-test using the built-in testing feature.
    • Confirm the device operates properly without actually transmitting a signal.

3. INMARSAT-C System:

  • Purpose: Verify satellite communication readiness for maritime alerts.
  • Procedure:
    • Ensure the device is logged in to the desired Ocean Region.
    • Check log-in confirmation and satellite signal strength on the display.

4. Power and Printer Checks:

  • Inspect and confirm battery charge status for emergency readiness.
  • Verify the availability of paper in the printers of MF/HF devices, Navtex, and INMARSAT-C terminals.

These daily tests take only a few minutes but are vital for detecting issues early.

Weekly GMDSS Tests

Weekly checks are more intensive and require a live test for better assurance of performance. Here’s what to include:

1. MF/HF DSC Communication Check:

  • Purpose: Confirm operational status with live signals.
  • Procedure:
    • Conduct a test call to a coast radio station on MF distress frequency 2187.5 kHz or a designated HF channel.
    • Not all coast stations provide automatic acknowledgements. If unavailable, contact the station by Radiotelephony (R/T) on their working frequencies (e.g., MF 2189.5/2177 kHz) and request formal confirmation.
    • Alternatively, test with a passing vessel. Send a test call and request confirmation of successful reception.

2. VHF DSC Test:

  • Purpose: Verify functionality of VHF DSC systems.
  • Procedure:
    • Perform a DSC test call between two onboard VHF sets (e.g., VHF A and VHF B).
    • Ensure the automatic acknowledgement function is operational.

Note: Avoid live testing for VHF on the distress frequency, as this is typically limited to emergency operations.

Weekly tests provide a hands-on way to verify system health while maintaining communication readiness.

Monthly GMDSS Tests

Monthly checks focus on detailed inspections and testing functions that don’t require daily or weekly interventions. These include both self-testing equipment and physical examinations.

1. VHF Handheld Radios:

  • Purpose: Confirm operational integrity without interfering with critical frequencies.
  • Procedure:
    • Operate on non-distress channels (not Ch.16 or 156.8 MHz).
    • Test for signal clarity and battery capacity.

2. 406 MHz EPIRB (Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon):

  • Purpose: Ensure readiness to transmit distress alerts during emergencies.
  • Procedure:
    • Use the beacon’s self-test function to ensure proper operation.
    • Inspect for:
      • Expiry date of the EPIRB battery.
      • Condition of the lanyard and HRU (Hydrostatic Release Unit).
      • Physical damage or corrosion.
      • Correct attachment of the safety clip.

3. Search and Rescue Transponders (AIS-SART & X-band SART):

  • Purpose: Verify the functionality of rescue devices.
  • Procedure:
    • Perform self-checks using built-in test features.
    • Examine physical integrity and proper stowage.

4. GMDSS Emergency Batteries:

  • Purpose: Confirm battery readiness for emergency communication.
  • Procedure:
    • Inspect non-sealed wet cells and document the condition of each cell.
    • Record the general battery status in the GMDSS Radio Logbook.

Monthly checks are the most thorough and ensure long-term operational reliability for all critical components.

Maintaining Safety and Compliance with Routine GMDSS Testing

GMDSS testing may sound like an extensive process, but it is an essential practice for ensuring safety on the high seas. Consistent testing ensures:

  • Compliance with international maritime safety standards.
  • Confidence in the ability to send and receive distress signals under any conditions.
  • Early detection of faults, reducing the risk of equipment failure.

Best Practices for GMDSS Maintenance:

  • Keep a Maintenance Calendar: Schedule daily, weekly, and monthly tests to ensure no check is overlooked.
  • Maintain Detailed Records: Regularly update the GMDSS Logbook with testing dates, findings, and status reports.
  • Engage Coast Stations: Communicate testing schedules with local coast stations to ensure smooth coordination and compliance.
  • Train Your Team: Ensure all crew members understand the testing process and the importance of functional GMDSS equipment.

Take Action Now for Safer Voyages

The reliability of GMDSS equipment can make the difference between swift communication and a delayed emergency response. By adhering to this testing schedule, you safeguard not just your vessel but also the lives onboard.

Invest in the habit of regular GMDSS testing and stay one step ahead of potential issues. Your team and your vessel will thank you.