How to Use a Fire Extinguisher Safely and Effectively
Fire extinguishers are a critical safety tool found in homes, offices, vehicles, and even boats. But knowing how to use one correctly in an emergency situation can mean the difference between a small accident and a devastating disaster. Simply having a fire extinguisher on hand isn’t enough; you must also know how to operate it effectively.
This guide will walk you through proper fire extinguisher usage, focusing on the “PASS” technique, an easy-to-remember method for handling a fire extinguisher in stressful situations. By the end of this post, you’ll have a solid understanding of how fire extinguishers work and how to use them confidently and efficiently.
What Is the PASS Technique?
The “PASS” acronym simplifies and standardizes the proper steps to operate a fire extinguisher, ensuring that you can respond to fires swiftly and effectively. It stands for the following steps:
- Pull the pin.
- Aim at the base of the fire.
- Squeeze the handle.
- Sweep side to side.
Keeping this acronym in mind ensures that you follow the correct procedure during an emergency, even under pressure.
Step-by-Step Guide to Using a Fire Extinguisher
Step 1: Pull the Pin
Every fire extinguisher comes with a safety pin that prevents accidental discharge. To activate the device, pull this pin out sharply, typically by twisting it to break the seal. The pin is usually located near the handle. Removing it allows you to start using the extinguisher.
Pro Tip: Always ensure the extinguisher is pointed away from you when pulling the pin. Avoid fumbling by familiarizing yourself with the pin placement now, before an emergency arises.
Step 2: Aim at the Base of the Fire
It’s a common mistake to aim a fire extinguisher at the flames themselves. However, doing this will not effectively control or extinguish the fire. Instead, aim the nozzle or hose at the base of the fire, where the fuel source is located.
This is crucial because extinguishing the fuel source is what stops the fire from spreading further.
Pro Tip: Make sure you are standing at a safe distance, usually between 6 to 8 feet, when aiming. You can always step closer if necessary.
Step 3: Squeeze the Handle
Once you’ve aimed at the fire’s base, firmly squeeze the handle or lever to release the extinguishing agent. Keep applying steady pressure to discharge the contents fully.
Most extinguishers are designed to release continuously, so maintain a constant grip to avoid interrupting the process. The aim here is to completely smother the fire before it reignites.
Pro Tip: Squeezing the handle might take a little strength, so practice this motion with a training extinguisher if possible.
Step 4: Sweep Side to Side
Move the extinguisher nozzle in a sweeping motion from side to side, continuing to aim at the base of the fire. This ensures that the extinguishing agent covers the entire area of the fire.
Continue this motion until the fire is completely out. Once extinguished, stay alert as some fires may reignite after initially appearing to be out.
Pro Tip: Use short bursts of the extinguisher if the fire is small. This helps conserve the contents for further use, should the fire flare up again.
When and Where to Use a Fire Extinguisher
While understanding the PASS technique is essential, knowing when and when not to use a fire extinguisher is equally important.
- Use a fire extinguisher only for smaller fires that are manageable. If the fire is spreading rapidly or producing a lot of black smoke, evacuate the area and call emergency services immediately.
- Always have a clear escape route available. Never attempt to fight a fire if it blocks your way out. Safety should always be the top priority.
Common Places for Fire Extinguishers
Fire extinguishers should be easily accessible and placed in locations prone to fire risks, including:
- Kitchens
- Garages
- Workspaces
- Boats
- Apartments and homes near fireplaces or electrical equipment
Practice and Preparation
It’s not enough to learn the PASS technique; practice and preparation are vital for applying this knowledge in a real emergency.
- Attend Fire Safety Training: Many local safety organizations offer hands-on training sessions.
- Inspect Your Extinguisher: Make it a habit to check your fire extinguisher monthly to ensure it is in working condition. Look out for low pressure, expired contents, or physical damage to the device.
- Educate Your Household: Make sure everyone in your home or workplace knows the location of the fire extinguishers and how to use them.
A Quick Refresher on Fire Types
Remember, not all fire extinguishers are designed for all types of fires. Here’s an overview of fire extinguisher classifications to ensure you’re using the correct one for the type of fire you’re confronting.
- Class A: For ordinary combustibles like wood, paper, and cloth.
- Class B: For flammable liquids like gasoline, oil, and grease.
- Class C: For electrical fires involving wiring and appliances.
- Class D: For combustible metals like magnesium or titanium.
- Class K: For kitchen fires, especially those involving cooking oils or fats.
Check the label on your extinguisher to confirm its capabilities before use.
Final Thoughts
Preparedness is key to fire safety, and knowing how to use a fire extinguisher with the PASS technique can save lives and reduce property damage. Take the time to familiarize yourself with the fire extinguishers in your home, workplace, or recreational areas, and ensure that everyone around you is equipped with the same knowledge.
If you’re a boat owner, specific fire safety guidelines often require not only having a fire extinguisher onboard but also knowing how to operate and maintain it. To make your boating experience safer and more enjoyable, visit Boat-Ed for additional safety tips and resources.